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\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.[52]\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 CO2\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0651\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u060c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 36 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0646. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 (\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 530 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b. \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u00a0\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0651\u064a.<sup id=\"cite_ref-54\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86#cite_note-54\">[54]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<dl>\n<dd><span class=\"mwe-math-element\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mwe-math-fallback-image-inline\" src=\"https:\/\/wikimedia.org\/api\/rest_v1\/media\/math\/render\/svg\/43342176d736549ff2b8a06b5bf6be3f55240e43\" alt=\"{\\mathrm  {C\\ +\\ O_{2}\\longrightarrow \\ CO_{2}\\ ;\\quad \\Delta }}H=-394\\;{\\mathrm  {kJ\/mol}}\" aria-hidden=\"true\" \/><\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629\u00a0\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u00a0\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u00a0\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u00a0(\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a) \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 (\u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<dl>\n<dd><span class=\"mwe-math-element\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mwe-math-fallback-image-inline\" src=\"https:\/\/wikimedia.org\/api\/rest_v1\/media\/math\/render\/svg\/6524df2a87441646826897c61230ee42a67764c2\" alt=\"{\\mathrm  {CH_{4}\\ +\\ 2\\ O_{2}\\ \\longrightarrow \\ CO_{2}\\ +\\ 2\\ H_{2}O}}\" aria-hidden=\"true\" \/><\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u00a0\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0633\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 850 \u00b0\u0633 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646:<\/p>\n<dl>\n<dd><span class=\"mwe-math-element\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mwe-math-fallback-image-inline\" src=\"https:\/\/wikimedia.org\/api\/rest_v1\/media\/math\/render\/svg\/b277b0b24c3b84d3d86a9187281b24f4a2f737ab\" alt=\"{\\mathrm  {CaCO_{3}\\ {\\xrightarrow  {\\Delta }}\\ CaO\\ +\\ CO_{2}}}\" aria-hidden=\"true\" \/><\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0643\u00a0\u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631-\u0628\u0648\u0634\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u00a0\u062a\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645\u00a0\u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646\u00a0\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0621-\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u064e\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631\u00a0\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639.<sup id=\"cite_ref-56\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AB%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86#cite_note-56\">[56]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<dl>\n<dd><span class=\"mwe-math-element\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mwe-math-fallback-image-inline\" src=\"https:\/\/wikimedia.org\/api\/rest_v1\/media\/math\/render\/svg\/e59ce0420899a167013bc0d5a9772ca6735b2328\" alt=\"{\\mathrm  {CO+H_{2}O\\;\\overrightarrow {\\leftarrow }\\;CO_{2}+H_{2}}}\\qquad \\Delta H_{{R\\ 298}}^{0}=-41{,}2\\ {\\mathrm  {kJ\/mol}}\" aria-hidden=\"true\" \/><\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0651\u0631\u00a0\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<dl>\n<dd><span class=\"mwe-math-element\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mwe-math-fallback-image-inline\" src=\"https:\/\/wikimedia.org\/api\/rest_v1\/media\/math\/render\/svg\/2b06cf952f50592c876e3d04ae45b19ad68ebbef\" alt=\"{\\mathrm  {C_{6}H_{{12}}O_{6}\\ \\longrightarrow \\ 2\\ C_{2}H_{5}OH\\ +\\ 2\\ CO_{2}}}\" aria-hidden=\"true\" \/><\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u00a0\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u00a0\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0628\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<dl>\n<dd><span class=\"mwe-math-element\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"mwe-math-fallback-image-inline\" src=\"https:\/\/wikimedia.org\/api\/rest_v1\/media\/math\/render\/svg\/3ba7a9917e55e089e1380d836e68bb0d7ec3b653\" alt=\"{\\mathrm  {CaCO_{3}\\ +\\ 2\\ HCl\\ \\longrightarrow \\ CaCl_{2}\\ +\\ H_{2}O+\\ CO_{2}}}\" aria-hidden=\"true\" \/><\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u0632 CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 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